The first four beatitudes show that divine approval means that one has been humbled under God’s mighty hand through the kingdom message, so that one admits one’s spiritual poverty, mourns over sin and the oppression of God’s people, rests in God’s care in the face of oppression, and hungers for greater righteousness on earth (5:3–6). Thus humility is the basic trait of authentic kingdom spirituality (see also Mic. 6:6–8; Matt. 11:25–30; 18:1–5; 19:13–15). A humble person who acknowledges sin—not